Author: Ursula G-K

People with the classic form of FAP may begin to develop multiple benign polyps in the colon as early as their teenage years – hundreds or thousands of these growths is not uncommon in persons with FAP. Colon Cancer Survival Rate By Age Removal of at least part of the colon is necessary in such a circumstance, as these same polyps will eventually become malignant. If only a partial colectemy is performed, regular surveillance of the remaining portion of the colon is necessary as the individual still carries significant risk of developing colon cancer.

Why does a person with FAP require such close monitoring? The average age at which patients with FAP are diagnosed with colon cancer is thirty-nine. Without any treatment, a person with FAP will, with absolute certainty, eventually develop cancer.

Unfortunately, there is little to indicate the presence of FAP until the polyps develop. Often times, these polyps first make themselves known by bleeding and this blood is then found in the afflicted person’s stool. Another tell-tale sign is anemia, as the development of polyps leads to an iron deficiency. The best defense that a patient has is to be aware of her family history, as 75 to 80 percent of people with FAP have multiple family members who were diagnosed with polyps and/or colorectal cancer at age forty years or younger.

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There is one available preemptive measure that can be taken if FAP does run in your family. Genetic testing can be done as early as infancy to determine if the mutated gene is present. Parents who are considering this option for their children must be aware of a possible pitfall. If a child is tested and the results are positive, obtaining medical insurance becomes a difficult proposition. This consequence must be weighed against the peace of mind that comes with knowing that your child is free from the medical problems that FAP brings.

In Living to Tell About It, A Pursuit of Normalcy, Amy Martin shares her personal story as someone afflicted with familial adenomatous polyposis. Ms. Martin lost her mother to colon cancer at a relatively young age and she underwent first a partial, and then a full, colectomy to avoid the same fate. Upon reading the first page of Ms. Martin’s book, you realize that FAP is far from her only medical hurdle. The author also had a stroke as a college student, a severe car accident that required extensive rehabilitative therapy, Graves’ disease and gallbladder surgery. It’s an amazing story that provides hope for anyone struggling through life’s many challenges.

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Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cancer-articles/colon-cancer-survival-rate-by-age-1685535.html

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Study Links Aspirin to Colon Cancer Survival
This is the VOA Special English Health Report, from voaspecialenglish.com People since ancient times have used aspirin-like medicines to fight pain and reduce high body temperature. Modern research has found other uses for aspirin. The drug acts as a blood thinner. It can help blood flow past a blockage in an artery. Blockages can cause heart attacks or strokes. As a result, patients at risk of blockages might be advised by their doctors to take a low-strength aspirin every day. And research continues. A new study has shown that aspirin can improve survival in colon cancer patients.It involved about one thousand three hundred patients with colorectal cancer. The cancer had not spread to other parts of the body yet. The study compared patients who took three hundred twenty-five milligrams of aspirin at least two times a week with those who did not use aspirin. The study found that the aspirin users had an almost thirty percent lower risk of dying from their cancer. That was during an average of eleven years after the cancer was discovered. Andrew Chan of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital led the study. Doctor Chan says the effects appeared especially strong among patients with tumors expressing an enzyme called COX-2. Two-thirds of colorectal cancers produce that chemical. Doctor Chan thinks the aspirin works by blocking it. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It was an observational study. In a controlled study …

Author: Axel smith

Cancer is a group of diseases in which a cell or group of cells exhibits uncontrolled growth, invading and destroying neighboring cells and sometimes spreading to other parts in the body via blood. Colon Cancer is one of the many types of cancers. It originates in the colon or large intestine. Some of the common Signs of Colon Cancer is rectal bleeding or blood mixed with your stool, abdominal pain, weight loss and nausea.

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon in simple words is the large intestine of our body. A colon helps in digesting and absorbing nutrients from the food. It helps in concentrating fecal material by absorbing fluid and helps in the storing and evacuation of fecal material. A colon cancer is a common type of malignancy or cancer in which there is uncontrolled growth of cells that line the inside of the colon or rectum. Rectum is the very end of the large intestine that opens up to the anus.

Causes, Test and Treatment

There are quite a few Signs of Colon Cancer. If your family has a history of colon cancer then there is a chance that you may also have colon cancer, Age is a big risk factor. Colon is cancer is found more in people above forty. If your diet is high in fat and low in fiber, then this may also lead to colon cancer.

Some of the Signs of Colon Cancer is bleeding from the rectum. There may be many reasons behind blood in your stool other than colon cancer. But this symptom should never be ignored. If you have constipation or diarrhea for more than two weeks, or if your stool is unusually narrow, do consult your doctor as this could be a sign of colon cancer. Abdominal pain, fatigue, pale skin or unexplained weight loss can all be a symptom of colon cancer.

There are different screening test which can detect colon cancer. Digital rectal exam, in this doctor inserts a gloved lubricated finger into the rectum to check for any abnormalities. Another test is fecal occult blood test or stool blood test. This helps in examining blood in the stool which may not be visible. Colonoscopy is another form of screening in which a tiny camera attached to a flexible scope is inserted from the anus through the colon. Any of these tests if done at least once in a year may help in the early diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.

There are different types of treatment available for individuals with colon cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are some of the common treatments for colon cancer. If it is detected early surgery alone is the only treatment necessary and cure rates are excellent.

Early detection of the Signs of Colon Cancer is the only way to early treatment and speedy recovery. Those who have a history of cancer in their family should definitely screen themselves at least once in a year as they are at high risk. Any disease if diagnosed in time can be cured and one can lead a long, happy and healthy life.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/diseases-and-conditions-articles/signs-of-colon-cancer-early-detection-early-recovery-3659547.html

About the Author

Axel Smith has been an author for completedigestivediseasecare (www.completedigestivediseasecare.com), He is writing articles on symptoms of colon cancer in men since long time.

Colon Cancer rostate Cancer Symptoms
the-prostate-cancer-symptoms.blogspot.com http The prostate is a small structure, size of nuts, leading to a system for the reproduction of human beings, it surrounds the urethra, the tube, with the urine from the body – there may be various problems with urination. At the start of prostate cancer is limited to the prostate itself, the majority of patients with this type of cancer live for years without problems. Recognized in its infancy, prostate cancer can be effectively treated and cured.

Author: Paul Rodgers

Cancer occurs when something goes wrong with this system, causing uncontrolled cell division and growth. Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last 6 inches of the colon. Together, they’re often referred to as colorectal cancers.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer killer overall and third most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States in both males and females. Who is at risk for colorectal cancer. Men tend to get colorectal cancer at an earlier age than women, but women live longer so they catch up with men and thus the total number of cases in men and women is equal. Women diagnosed with uterine or ovarian cancer before age 50 are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Woman with a personal history of breast cancer have only a very slight increase in risk of colorectal cancer. The average age to develop colorectal cancer is 70 years, and 93% of cases occur in persons 50 years of age or older. You have a higher risk for colon cancer if you have:

Cancer elsewhere in the body.

Colorectal polypsCrohn’s disease

Family history of colon cancer

Personal history of breast cancer

Ulcerative colitis.

What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer. Symptoms of colorectal cancer vary depending on the location of the cancer within the colon or rectum, though there may be no symptoms at all. The most common presenting symptom of colorectal cancer is rectal bleeding. Cancers arising from the left side of the colon generally cause bleeding, or in their late stages may cause constipation, abdominal pain, and obstructive symptoms. On the other hand, right-sided colon lesions may produce vague abdominal aching, but are unlikely to present with obstruction or altered bowel habit. Other symptoms such as weakness, weight loss, or anemia resulting from chronic blood loss may accompany cancer of the right side of the colon.

If your doctor learns that you do have colorectal cancer, more tests will be done to see if the cancer has spread. Colonoscopy is currently the only test recommended for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk persons at 10 year intervals. Colonoscopic surveillance (also called screening colonoscopy) needs to be available at more frequent intervals for individuals at high risk for colon cancer (for instance, those with a personal history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps; family history of colorectal cancer; non-hereditary polyposis; colorectal cancer; or a pre-disposing condition such as inflammatory bowel disease.

The first step to avoiding this ailment is prevention with regular tests at the doctor, but there are other ways of getting around this disease in between checkups. Nevertheless, it appears that increasing the fiber content in the Western diet would be useful in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer. It is recommended that physical activity messages promoting at least 30-45 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity on most days of the week be included in primary prevention interventions for cancer. The population prevalence for meeting proposed physical activity criteria for colon cancer prevention is low and much lower than that related to the more generic public health recommendations.

Our bodies need lots of calcium and not only for building strong bones. Colon cancer prevention is one of the most exciting uses for calcium. However, instead of using calcium supplements, this study relied on low-fat dairy products to supply 1,200mg calcium per day. Investigators found this amount of calcium decreased the incidence of changes in the cells lining the colon, which is often seen in the initial stages of colon cancer. A significant protective factor is adequate dietary calcium intake during the period of maximum growth, ages 9 and 25 years, so that proper peak bone mass is achieved by age 20and 30 years and maintained until mid-life, with only slow bone loss in the following years. As already noted, dietary surveys indicate a significant gap between the recommended calcium intake and the actual intake in the United States in the critical years of adolescence and young adulthood and later in life.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cancer-articles/risks-of-colon-cancer-in-women-and-men-468765.html

About the Author

Men over the age of 50 and women over 55 should have this test on an annual basis to detect colon cancer early. Yet colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in women after breast and lung cancer. Find out more about the Risks of Colon Cancer in Women and Men.

Paul Rodgers specializes in marketing natural health and beauty products

Colon Cancer
The most deathly disease shared among men and women-Colon cancer. ”We are what we eat.”:Dietitian. How to take care of your Colon health? Consult Aloe Expert in FLP. H/P:+6591457539

Colon Cancer Signs And Symptoms

Author: Willox Perez

The main causes of colon cancer are related to the patient’s diet: very low in fiber and high in fat and calories. By keeping a healthy life style and good eating habits, you can prevent developing cancer of the colon even before this becomes a problem. Colon Cancer Signs And Symptoms You might also want to try and check your family history for cases of colon cancer and adopt a healthier diet in order to make sure you will avoid this problem in the future.

Colon cancer treatments are varied and you can choose from a series of traditional and alternative methods of dealing with this condition. Surgery is often the number one choice – the surgeon removes the tumors on the colon, even if the cancer cells are spread beyond the colon itself. This ensures less problems in the future of the patient’s life, reducing chances of bowel problems or internal bleeding. Colon cancer surgery is usually categorized in four main areas: rectum resection, radio frequency ablation, colostomy and colon resection. The surgeon will determine which method is best suited for each individual patient.
Detecting cancer at a very early stage is important, as the problem can be corrected in a decisive and final manner. By using a polypectomy, the surgeon will remove suspicious polyps in order to minimize chances of the disease. Local excision may also be used in early stages, in order to remove the cancer cells. After surgery, your hospital should provide you with ongoing support in order to ensure a fast and efficient recovery.

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Intra arterial chemotherapy is another treatment worth consideration. This treatment targets tumors by delivering a powerful dose of chemotherapy. Primary systemic chemotherapy is often used before a surgical procedure in order to destroy a large majority of cancer cells. Systemic therapy is usually used with metastatic cancer, while the third method, adjuvant chemotherapy, targets any cancer cells that might have been left over after surgery. All three chemotherapy procedures are delivered through the hepatic artery and are an option if the cancer has spread to the liver.

Another choice comes from chemoembolization treatment. In addition to being delivered intra arterially, this type of treatment blocks the blood flow to the areas affected by cancer. It traps the chemotherapy drugs in the area of the tumor, thus ensuring that they work efficiently and on target.

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Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cancer-articles/colon-cancer-signs-and-symptoms-1688656.html

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Colon cancer symptoms and information
www.socalgastroenterologist.com Information about colon cancer as well as common symptoms. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal cancer causes 655000 deaths worldwide per year.[1] Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time. The majority of the time, the diagnosis of localized colon cancer is through colonoscopy. Therapy is usually through surgery, which in many cases is followed by chemotherapy. Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. Thus, many organizations recommend periodic screening for the disease with fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. Generally speaking, the nearer the lesion is to the anus, the more bowel symptoms there will be, such as: * Change in bowel habits o change in frequency (constipation and/or diarrhea), o change in the quality of stools o change in consistency of stools * Bloody stools or rectal bleeding * Stools with mucus * Tarry stools (melena) (more likely related to upper gastrointestinal eg stomach or duodenal disease) * Feeling of incomplete defecation (tenesmus) (usually associated with …

Colon Treatment For Getting Rid Of Colon Cancer

By Fred Bennett

Colon cancer is one of the major diseases that claim thousands of lives every year in the USA. The reason has been attributed to American people’s fetish for low fiber-high cholesterol diet. Add to it the lack of physical movement and tensions of modern day living and you will see the reason why USA is one of the five countries where the occurrences of colon cancer are so common.

However, medical science is not sitting idle either and a number of sophisticated treatments are available to deal with the challenges of a bad colon that is the direct consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle. Of late three major types of treatments are most popular in the USA to deal with colon cancer. They are described below.

1. Surgical operation

When colon cancer is detected in an early stage, surgery proves to be extremely beneficial. In an early stage with the aid of a colonoscope, the cancerous cells are removed.

When the cancer is detected at an advanced stage, the surgical procedure that is performed is called resection. It is a process of removing the tumor by making an incision in the abdomen. After the removal of the tumor the colon is stitched back to restore the continuity of the large intestine.

2.Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is applied in cases of most advanced stages of colon cancer. Chemotherapy literally means killing of cancerous cells through chemical treatment. Two major chemicals that most physicians prefer to apply for the best result in colon cancer are fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin.

3. Radiation Therapy

Most people get startled to hear that radiation is used to treat any disease, as we generally associated with such monstrous things as nuclear bombs. But truth of the matter is that, we are constantly being exposed to some kind of radiation from simple objects of mundane life like mobile phones and even most innocent looking radios. We have to absorb some amount of radiation even as a price for living in this earth. Although radiation is not good for our health but our system somehow copes up in dealing with this. The same is true for the cancer patients who are administered radiation as a therapeutic procedure. In case of colon cancer, patients receive radiation mainly before surgery to make the things easier for the surgeon, as radiation reduces the size of the tumor. After the operation has been performed, radiation is applied to ensure that the tumor doe not come back again. Radiation becomes the only means of treatment to destroy cancerous cells, when it is not possible to remove the tumor by the means of surgery

Usually, radiation is charged externally and each application takes little time to finish…just a few minutes per day. The patient has to undergo the radiation therapy five days a week and the total span of treatment may last for many weeks.

Barring some exceptions, colon cancer is actually the result of unhygienic life style and following the good old adage, “prevention is better than cure”, you can prevent this curse ruining your life. A little care for what you eat, simple exercises, little efforts to keep the stress at bay and of course a regular colon cleansing regimen can help you to enjoy life in its fullest.

About the Author: Fred Bennett writes extensively on colon cancer and colon treatments. For more info visit http://www.colon-treatment-hub.info

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Stage 4 Colon Cancer Diagnoses July 2010
tinyurl.com Colorectal cancer treatment by modern medicine is chemo therapy followed by surgery to remove the section of colon that is cancerous. Once we recovered from the shock of my physician informing us that I had stage four colon cancer (that has spread to include all the liver lobes), we dove into Google searching for colorectal cancer treatments and what really works! It is hard to believe that is a picture of me below just six months before my diagnoses, which now motivates me to find the perfect colorectal cancer treatment.

Metastatic Colon Cancer

By Kyle Greatbatch

When a doctor wants to evaluate the progress of colon cancer of one of his patients he or she uses a method called Staging. This method is about finding out to what extent the tumor (colon cancer) has spread to the other regions of the patients body. Once the doctors figured out in what stage the colon cancer is, they will develop the best course of action or treatment.

At this point in time the system that is most commonly used for the staging process of colon cancer is called the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s (AJCC) TNM staging system. Simply put this system used for staging places the patients into one of four stages.

Stage 0

Stage 0 also known as carcinoma in situ or colorectal cancer. In this stage the colon cancer has been detected in the innermost lining of the colon.

Stage I

In this stage the colon cancer has already begun to spread. But the cancer is still in the inner lining of the rectum or colon. In this stage the colon cancer has not reached the outer walls of the colon yet. Stage I is also known as Duke A or colorectal cancer.

Stage II

In this stage the colon cancer spread more deeply into or through the colon or rectum. Possibly the colon cancer may have affected other tissue as well. In this stage the colon cancer hasn’t reached the Lymph nodes (bean-sized structures which can be found in the entire body that helps the body fight all kinds of infections and diseases. Stage II is also known as Duke B or colorectal cancer.

Stage III

When you are in this stage the colon cancer has now spread to the Lymph nodes although it hasn’t spread to nearby parts of the body. Stage III is also known as Duke C or colorectal cancer.

Stage IV

In this stage the colon cancer has spread through the Lymph node system to other nearby tissue. This is most commonly called metastasis. The organs that most likely are affected are the lungs and liver. Stage IV is also known as Duke D or colorectal cancer.

Recurrent Colon Cancer or Cancerous Cells

When doctors talk about recurrent colon cancer they mean that cancerous cells that have already been treated have returned. These cancerous cells could possibly have returned as colorectal cancer but they might as well return in any other part of the body too.

About the Author: By Kyle Greatbatch Staging Colon Cancer

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Cause of Colon Cancer

Inappropriate Diet As a Major Cause of Colon Cancer

Author: Groshan Fabiola

Colon cancer is one of the most diagnosed forms of cancer in the United States. Although colon cancer has the highest incidence in people with ages over 50, the disease can also be developed by young adults and even children. Despite the fact that it can occur in both sexes, colon cancer predominantly affects the male gender. In most cases, colon cancer is a life-threatening disease that requires immediate treatment.

According to the factors that lead to the development of colon cancer, there are two main types of the disease: hereditary colon cancer, which occurs due to genetically inherited physiological abnormalities of the large bowel; and acquired (sporadic) colon cancer, which occurs due to inappropriate diet and unhealthy lifestyle.

Oncologists claim that acquired colon cancers have an unpredictable pattern of progression, usually evolving latently. Unlike hereditary colon cancer, acquired colon cancer can be very difficult to diagnose. The presence of acquired colon cancer in patients is usually discovered long after the disease becomes serious, rendering medical treatments and therapies ineffective in overcoming it.

While most people with underlying hereditary predispositions to colon cancer can’t effectively prevent the occurrence of the disease, healthy people can avoid colon cancer by following a proper diet and by making lifestyle improvements. Research results indicate that the leading cause of acquired colon cancer among the American population is obesity, followed by physical inactivity and the excessive intake of red meat and other meat products that are rich in saturated fats. Doctors claim that by reducing the consumption of processed meat and by increasing the intake of fiber-rich foods, one would be able to decrease the chances of developing sporadic colon cancer or colorectal cancer by up to 50 percent. Doctors also inform that people who exercise regularly and maintain a normal body weight are very unlikely to develop colon cancer.

In order to minimize the risk of developing colon cancer, one should reduce the intake of saturated fats, proteins and simple carbohydrates (foods containing sugar), in favor of unsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods (fresh fruits and vegetables). Doctors state that margarines, cooking oil and processed foods considerably add to the risks of colon cancer and thus they should be avoided from any diet.

To completely eliminate meat products from one’s diet can be very frustrating. However, this is rarely necessary. In small amounts, properly cooked meat products don’t increase the chances of developing colon cancer. A healthy diet can include low-fat meats, as long as they are prepared through other methods rather than frying. Instead of frying the meat, consider broiling, grilling, steaming or roasting it. This way, you will be able to eliminate unhealthy fat, the substance that greatly contributes to the development of colon cancer.

For more resource on different colon cancer subjects please click this link http://www.colon-cancer-center.com. You can also find valuable information about stage3 colon cancer or even about colon cancer diet

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/inappropriate-diet-as-a-major-cause-of-colon-cancer-68723.html

About the Author

For more resource on different colon cancer subjects please click this link http://www.colon-cancer-center.com. You can also find valuable information about stage3 colon cancer or even about colon cancer diet

Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Symptoms, Causes And Treatments

By Paul MacIver

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional disorder of the intestines which causes abdominal pain, often accompanied by cramping, bloating, diarrhea and constipation. It is also referred to as spastic colon or mucous colitis. Irritable bowel syndrome is more commonly known by its abbreviated term – IBS.

There are three forms of IBS depending on the symptoms — diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D), constipation-predominant (IBS-C) and IBS with alternating stool pattern (IBS-A). Clinical investigations are going on a new IBS subtype, post-infectious IBS (IBS-PI).

Symptoms of IBS

IBS symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain

• Discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits

• Fewer than three bowel movements a week

• More than three bowel movements a day

• Hard or lumpy stools

• Loose or watery stools

• Straining during a bowel movement

• Urgency (having to rush to have a bowel movement)

• Feeling of incomplete bowel movement

• Passing mucus (white material) during a bowel movement

• Abdominal fullness, bloating, or swelling

• Chronic pelvic pain

• Mental stress

• Fibromyalgia and various mental disorders

• Researchers believe that there are neurological and psychological disorders associated with IBS.

Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The exact causes of irritable bowel syndrome are unknown, but there are factors that may aggravate the trouble. Dietary factors and stress don’t exactly cause IBS, but they can aggravate it. Various studies and researches have noted an IBS connection to diet. Physicians feel that the correct diet can provide IBS relief.

Common IBS diet advice includes:

• Eat soluble fiber foods and supplements.

• Substitute dairy products for soy or rice products.

• Be careful with fresh fruits and vegetables that are high in insoluble fiber.

• Eat small amounts in regular intervals to lessen the symptoms of IBS.

• Avoid eating red meat, oily or fatty (and fried) products.

• Avoid taking dairy products (especially when lactose intolerance is suspected).

• Avoid solid chocolate, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), alcohol, carbonated beverages and artificial sweeteners.

IBS Treatment

IBS treatment includes dietary advice and medication. Developing good dietary habits may be the best treatment for irritable bowel syndrome.

Medications can provide instant IBS relief. These may include stool softeners and laxatives in constipation-predominant, and antidiarrheal (loperamide) in diarrhea-predominant IBS. The low dosage of tricyclic and SSRI antidepressants has shown to be the most widely prescribed medications for helping to relieve symptoms of visceral sensitivity (pain) and diarrhea or constipation respectively. Other medications include:

• Alosetron: Alosetron is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist for IBS-D. It is only available for women in the United States under a restricted access program, due to severe risks of side effects if taken mistakenly by IBS-A or IBS-C sufferers.

• Cilansetron: Cilansetron is also a selective 5-HT3 antagonist that is undergoing further clinical studies in Europe for IBS-D sufferers.

• Tegaserod: Tegaserod is a selective 5-HT4 antagonist for IBS-C. It has shown to have an excellent safety profile for relieving IBS constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.

About the Author: For further information on Irritable Bowel Syndrome visit http://beat-ibs.info or http://online-ibs-help.info to read how hypnotherapy can be used to beat IBS.

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Colon Polyp Removal Surgery India,Price Colon Polyp Removal Bangalore India

Author: WeCareServices

Colon Polyp Removal

Colon polyps are small benign tumors that grow on the inside walls of the large intestine, usually in or near the rectum. They range in size from a tiny grape to a small plum. Some, known as familial polyposis, are inherited, but the cause of most colon polyps is unknown. They become more common after age 40; most adults eventually develop them.

The majority of colon polyps remain small and cause no symptoms. Sometimes, however, they grow large enough to interfere with normal bowel function, causing a change in the size and shape of the stools, possible constipation or diarrhea, bleeding (which may or not be visible in the stool), and abdominal pain.

A more serious concern is that some colon polyps contain cells that are or may become cancerous. This almost always happens in familial polyposis and is common if there are many or recurrent polyps. Thus, early detection and removal of colon polyps can help prevent colon cancer.

What is a Tumor?

All tissues of the body are made up of millions of tiny individual cells. In health, there is a delicate balance. Old cells are constantly dying and are replaced by new healthy cells. If too many new cells form, they create a lump or mass which is called a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not cancer. They can usually be removed and, in most cases, they do not grow back. Cells from benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Most important, benign tumors are rarely a threat to life. Malignant tumors are cancer. Cells in these tumors are abnormal and they continue to divide uncontrollably. Without treatment, they can invade and spread to nearby tissues and organs.

Treatment

• * Complete removal during colonoscopy
• Sometimes follow with surgical resection
• Follow-up surveillance colonoscopy

Polyps should be removed completely with a snare or electrosurgical biopsy forceps during total colonoscopy; complete excision is particularly important for large villous adenomas, which have a high potential for cancer. If colonoscopic removal is unsuccessful, laparotomy should be done.

Causes Polyps are very common in men and women of all races who live in industrialized countries, which suggests that dietary and environmental factors play a role in their development.

Lifestyle — Although the exact causes are not completely understood, lifestyle risk factors include the following:

• * A high fat diet
• * A diet high in red meat
• * A low fiber diet
• * Cigarette smoking
• * Obesity

On the other hand, use of aspirin and other NSAIDs and a high calcium diet may protect against the development of colon cancer.

How is a polyp of the colon and rectum diagnosed?

Polyps are diagnosed either by an X-ray called a barium enema or by examining the entire colon carefully using a colonoscope. A colonoscope is a thin flexible telescope that is passed up from the anus. During a colonoscopy the doctor will usually take a small piece of the polyp for examination.

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